A Speech For The Liberty Of Unlicensed Printing By John...

‘Areopagitica: A Speech for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing’ was written by John Milton in which he argued against censorship and defended free speech and freedom of the press. John Milton was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He was born in Bread Street, London on 9 December 1608. He was known best for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Milton s verse and writing reflect deep individual feelings, a passion for freedom and self-assurance, and the important and contemporary issues and political turbulence of his day. Writing in English, Latin, Greek, and Italian, he was able to gained global name and fame within his lifetime. But he also earned international†¦show more content†¦Areopagitica is full of divine and classical references which Milton uses to strengthen his argument. This is particularly fitting because it was being addressed to the Calvinist Presbyterians who comprised Parliament at that time. The Areopagitica was an attack directed against the Licensing Order Act of 1643, which demanded that an author s work be approved by the government in order for it to be published. Milton sets off his writing with historical evidence noting that Ancient Greece and Rome did not follow to the practice of licensing. In some cases, blasphemous or irreligious writings were burnt and their authors punished, but it was after production that these texts were rejected rather than prior to it. Milton s point is that, if a text is to be rejected, it should first be examined, refuted, and condemned rather than restricted before its ideas have even been expressed. Milton indicates that licensing was first instituted by the Catholics with the Inquisition. This fact appealed to Parliament s religious beliefs since it was dominated by Protestants, and there were conflicts between the Protestants and Catholics in England. Milton provides historical examples of the aftermat h following the Inquisition, including how there were popes in Rome beginning in the 14th century who becameShow MoreRelatedFreedom of Speech3842 Words   |  16 PagesFreedom of speech Freedom of speech  is the freedom to speak freely without  censorship. The synonymous term  freedom of expression  is sometimes used to indicate not only freedom of verbal speech but any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. In practice, the right to freedom of speech is not absolute in any country and the right is commonly subject to limitations, such as on hate speech. The right to freedom of speech is recognized as a  human

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Story Of Job Are Both Literary

The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Story of Job are both literary classics. They have several factors that make them very similar, as well as key points that make them extremely different as well. Both of these stories have factors such as the idea of immortality, relationships, and who they worship as main focal points. However, how they view immortality, their relationships, as well as their religious beliefs separate them. These two works of literature are similar because they both touch on the idea of immortality, and both touch on this due to the loss both main characters experience.The Epic of Gilgamesh touches on the idea of immortality after Gilgamesh loses his best friend Enkidu. The excerpt From the Epic of Gilgamesh, explains that†¦show more content†¦7-8). God responds with â€Å"Have you ever in your life commanded the morning, And caused the dawn to know its place?† (37; 38. 12). This allows Job to accept that there is no such thing as imortality in his religion, and accepts God’s will, for Job cannot understand God’s will. In both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Book of Job they both have strong relationships with other beings. Gilgamesh had a close relationship to his best friend Enkidu. His relationship with Enkidu was so vital to him that he chose him over the beautiful goddess Ishtar. The text explains this, â€Å"Gilgamesh spurns the affections of Ishtar, and in revenge, she takes Enkidu s life.†(23; 18-19). On the other hand, Job’s closest relationship is with God. Even when Job lost his children his faith remained unwavering.The The Book of Job makes this clear, â€Å"and behold, a great wind came from across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young people and they died.† (36; 1;. 9). Job’s response to this was to fall to the ground and worship, â€Å"Naked I came from my mother’s womb. And naked I shall return there. The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord.† (36; 1. 21-22). This shows theShow MoreRelatedEpic Of Gilgamesh Literary Analysis1837 Words   |  8 Pagesfor any literary work. The authors of the books combine these elements with their own unique understanding of the story that they wish to narrate to their audience. Scriptural accounts of events that define the doctrines and practices of Christianity depend on the literary elements. The Bible is a book of immense value to the followers of the Christian faith in the sense that themes of love, sin, mortality, divinity, punishments are told through stories of individuals and societies. The Epic of GilgameshRead MoreThe Creation of Enkidu Essay2336 Words   |  10 PagesCreation stories are symbolic accounts of how the world and its inhabitants came about. These stories first developed in oral traditions, so there are multiple accounts of them from different cultures and societies. The Babylonian Creation story, the Genesis Creation story, and the Sumerian story of the Creation of Enkidu are examp les of these and the similarities are interesting. As Dennis Bratcher states, â€Å"Because of many parallels with the Genesis account, some historians concluded that theRead MoreEssay about Desire in Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick2921 Words   |  12 Pagesheuristic treasures, remains a taxonomist’s nightmare. For Melville’s complex narrative is an embarrassment of riches variously described as a novel, a romance, and an epic, as a comedy and a tragedy. Indeed, the text is an anatomy of the adventure story in the tradition of world classic accounts of the epic hero from Gilgamesh to the Arabian Nights, from the 0dyssey to Beowulf. Although from a formalist perspective Ishmael is clearly the sole narrator, the tale remains markedly dividedRead MoreAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesOver a century of time allowed scholars to recognize that Delitzsch was quite biased in his assertions. W. W. Hallo introduced a more balanced approach to the argument; his approach was referred to as â€Å"contextual approach† whose goal was to identify both similarities and differences between the Bible and mythology. Methodology What is Comparative Study? Background or cultural studies, scrutinize literature and archeology in order to â€Å"reconstruct the behavior, beliefs, culture, values, and world

Guy Gode Rereading America Free Essays

What is the Guy Code? According to Kimmel, the Guy Code is the collection of attitudes, values, and traits that together composes what is means to be a man. Pretty much, the Guy Code means that you never show your feelings, be strong, and never give up. All in all, don’t be a sissy. We will write a custom essay sample on Guy Gode: Rereading America or any similar topic only for you Order Now You should never show emotions or admit to weakness. To the world, you must show that there’s nothing to be concerned about and that everything is going to be fine. In my opinion, I would have to say that this is also my understanding of what is means to be a man. I think of them as not letting anyone step all over them and that they think they’re always in control. They try to always win; especially when they’re competing with they’re friends. An encounter that I have observed and experienced that involve the â€Å"gender police† is in Junior High gym class. Guys would always criticize and judge other guys if they screwed up on anything while playing a game. It always happened to be the more â€Å"popular† guys in my grade who would constantly watch the â€Å"non-popular† guys just to watch them mess up. They would do this just so they can sit there and call them a bunch of names for example: wimp, dork, faggot, weak, etc. I always felt bad for them because I knew that it would affect them in the long run. This incident has had a lasting effect on me. I always feel bad for the guys who go out for sports who aren’t really good but go out anywase because the guys who are really good will just keep putting them down and calling them names. This makes guys more prone to depression, suicidal behavior. How to cite Guy Gode: Rereading America, Papers

EmotionVs. Reason Justifying a Moral Decision Essay Sample free essay sample

Whenever a individual makes an action or a determination. one has to cognize if it is right or non. and if it is morally right. A determination is considered moral through a series of understanding done by a group of people we called the society. The action and deeds done in a society are put into considerations as to which they are accepted and subsequently turn into norms. The society besides agrees on what is incorrect and right. and to what is moral or immoral. therefore. the formation of regulations and ordinances. With the facet of morality. criterions are being set up to step and analyze whether an action or a determination is moral or non. With these facts laid out. we come now to the inquiry on what are the factors that justify such action or a determination and whether these factors plenty to turn out that the actions are so morally right. There are two chief points that this paper will concentrate on. viz. . ground and emotion. Thus the inquiry now is- â€Å"Does ground and emotion play an equal function in warranting a moral decision’ ? Using the Theory of Knowledge as the model in this paper. we shall analyse the peculiar inquiry and come up with a certain decision. This paper will besides be utilizing Jostein Gaarder’s book â€Å"Sophie’s World† as a secondary beginning of statements. The ground for taking the book as such is that the book already compiles most of the outstanding minds of the yesteryear. and it was able to capture and explicate the theories in the simplest manner possible. So. allow us foremost discuss the â€Å"Theory of Knowledge. † or others called it Epistemology. which is by and large a subdivision of doctrine that surveies the nature and range of cognition and belief. Epistemology is: based on the Grecian words â€Å"episteme† ( cognition or scientific discipline ) and â€Å"logos† ( account/explanation ) . †¦Much of the argument in this field has focused on analysing the nature of cognition and how it relates to similar impressions such as truth. belief. and justification. It besides deals with the agencies of production of cognition. every bit good as incredulity about different cognition claims. In other words. epistemology chiefly addresses the undermentioned inquiries: â€Å"What is knowledge? † . â€Å"How is knowledge acquired? † . and â€Å"What do people cognize? †( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/epistemology? cat=health ) . Epistemology is fundamentally concerned with the procedure of cognizing and warranting it if it is true. There are four ways of knowing ( WoK ) : emotion. ground. centripetal perceptual experience. and linguistic communication ; and these four WoK will be used to analyse the inquiry we have posted earlier. Let us look closely to these Ways of Knowing: Emotion Emotion is a biological rousing produced in response to a stimulation. An emotion is a â€Å"complex reaction form. affecting experiential. behavioural. and physiological elements. by which the person attempts to cover with a personally important affair of event. It arises without witting attempt and is either positive or negative in its valency† ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Emotion ) . There is no cosmopolitan definition for emotion because it is really complex. most of the times it is subjective and can easy be influenced upon. Worlds are of course emotional existences. we are easy affected by the things in our environment. and we show our responses and reactions through emotions. When we are happy. we smile and laugh ; when we are sad. we frown and call ; and when we are scared. we chill and shriek. But sometimes. when we are excessively much happy. we besides cry. merely demoing how complex are emotions are ; and the cryings of joy is merely one illustration of its complexness. Sense Percept â€Å"Perception by or based on stimulation of the senses† ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/sense-perception ) Sense perceptual experience chiefly uses the five senses in order to get in a certain thought or a certain collusion. There are five senses as we all know the sense of sight. hearing. touch. odor. and gustatory sensation. All of these senses work in a manner that it transmit marks and thoughts to the encephalon of a individual. These senses besides are of import in finding what is true or non physically. Reason In doctrine.groundis the ability to organize and run upon constructs in abstraction. in conformity with reason and logic—terms with which ground portions heritage†¦ The construct of ground is connected to the construct of linguistic communication. as reflected in the significances of the Greek word â€Å"logos† . later to be translated by Latin â€Å"ratio† and so Gallic â€Å"raison† . from which the English word derived. As ground. reason. and logic are all associated with the ability of the human head to foretell effects as based upon presumed causes. the word â€Å"reason† besides denotes a land or footing for a peculiar statement. and hence is used synonymously with the word â€Å"cause†( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/reason? cat=health ) Reason is our ability to apologize things and to warrant them if they are right or incorrect. It was said that ground is of course unconditioned. but it is besides shaped by the environment and particularly by instruction and acquisition. Language Languages are non merely sets of symbols. They besides frequently conform to a unsmooth grammar. or system of regulations. used to pull strings the symbols. While a set of symbols may be used for look or communicating. it is crude and comparatively deadpan. because there are no clear or regular relationships between the symbols. Because a linguistic communication besides frequently has a grammar. it can pull strings its symbols to show clear and regular relationships between them( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/language? cat=health ) . Language is the primary signifier of communicating where we convey and receive symbols and thoughts. it is every bit of import to the other Ways of Knowing for without it. the others will be worthless and frailty versa. Analysis Reason is something you take with logic or reason that can be based on Torahs. norms or civilization. while emotion is merely a behavioural that can be seen as apathy or otherwise. Emotions are frequently than non an impulse that can be right or incorrect depending on fond regards. Emotions are non ever justifiable because it can damage or roll an statement. while ground can even be more justifiable because it is based on what is lawful. norm. fact. and what is morally right. During 540-480 B. C. there lived a adult male known as Heraclitus that called Sons or ground as God. He was discussed in the book Sophie’s World by Gaarder where the writer described. â€Å"Heraclitus believed that there must be a sort of ‘universal reason’ steering everything that happens in nature. This ‘universal reason’ or ‘universal law’ is something common to us all. and something that everybody is guided by. And yet most people live by their single reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Gaarder. Sophies World. p. 31 ) . Our emotions are urges of our Black Marias and are sudden reactions to the actions done and to the environment around us. We may reason that emotions are besides valid because: Yes. that possibly true. but there is excessively much subjectiveness in it to be considered a valid justification. We can see a batch of one’s â€Å"own self† when discoursing about emotions. Furthermore. when emotions rule over our determination. we tend to travel astray because selfishness comes in. We will merely believe of our ain public assistance and our ain progresss. disregarding others who are besides straight and indirectly involved with the affair. Besides. when we emotionally make a certain determination. we frequently forgot what is morally right ; moral in the sense of norms of that certain society we belong to. As stated at the first portion of this paper. it is the society that dictates what is morally right. for it is the society that decides the norms. the civilization. tradition. and of class. the regulations and ordinances. We must besides set into consideration the geographic location of a certain society. for every society has its ain set of regulation. every society varies. Take for illustration Amsterdam ( â€Å"where everything is legal† ) . in that certain province. we can smoke marijuana whenever we like. But for a conservative state. let’s say South Korea. smoke or merely even possessing marijuana is illegal. One can be jailed for a really long clip if caught utilizing. purchasing or merely having some marihuana. So. if a individual from Amsterdam will see South Korea. he must follow the criterions and civilization of that state. He has to do a morally right determination by non smoking and conveying in marijuana. and besides by non making anything outside of the country’s set of regulations. But how will he cognize the norms of that certain society? Simple. he merely necessitate to detect. inquiry. and utilize his logic to cognize things. He has to detect how people behave in that state. and if that is non plenty. so he can inquire some inquiries to the people about what is allowed or non. But at the beginning. he should hold already thought and used his logic. that if he is non certain of what he can make. so he should non make anything beyond his senses. Talking about senses. our centripetal perceptual experience helps a batch in finding what is morally right. Our sense of sight and hearing will be most utile for this affair. because what we see or hear sing the environment we are in must be put into serious consideration. If we don’t see anyone smoking in public topographic points. so we can presume that smoke is prohibited on that country. If people tell us or we have been hearing that imbibing is non allowed in their location. so we know that merely by take a firm standing to imbibe is already incorrect. When we make important determinations. we normally rely to our ground and logic to weigh things and to warrant the pros and cons. As Aristotle have believed. â€Å"that all our ideas and thoughts have come into our consciousness through what we have heard and seen. But we besides have an unconditioned power of reason† ( Gaarder. p. 91 ) . At the terminal of the twenty-four hours it is ground that justifies a moral determination and neer emotion. Bibliogaphy Book Gaarder. Jostein. Sophie’s World. Phoenix House. London. 2001 Internet Beginnings Answers. com. December21. 2007.Epistemology.( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/epistemology? cat=health ) . Answers. com. December21. 2007.Sense Percept. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/sense-perception ) Answers. com. December21. 2007.Reason ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/reason? cat=health ) Answers. com. December21. 2007.Language ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. replies. com/topic/language? cat=health ) . IBToK ( IB ToK ) – IB Theory of Knowledge ( ToK ) Resources. December 20. 2007 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. anagnosis. gr/index. php? pageID=98 A ; la=eng ) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Analysis of Knowledge. December 20. 2007 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //plato. Stanford. edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/ ) Resources for IB Theory of Knowledge.The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.December 20. 2007 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aber. Ac. uk/media/Documents/short/whorf. hypertext markup language )